The mouth of a juvenile Australian brook lamprey. Image: David Moffatt.
The mouth of a juvenile Australian brook lamprey. Image: David Moffatt.

Ancient, endangered lamprey fish found in Queensland, 1400km north of its previous known range

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Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts.

Scientists from Griffith University and the Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation (DESI) have confirmed the identity of an unusual, ancient and Endangered species of fish that is living in the coastal rivers of Queensland, about 1400 km north of where it was previously known to live.

Journal/conference: Endangered Species Research

Link to research (DOI): 10.3354/esr01319

Organisation/s: The National Environmental Science Program's Resilient Landscapes Hub, Queensland Government, Griffith University

Funder: This project was jointly funded by the Queensland Department of Environment and Science and the Australian Government’s Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment and National Environmental Science Program’s (NESP) Resilient Landscapes Hub.

Media release

From: The National Environmental Science Program's Resilient Landscapes Hub

The Australian brook lamprey (Mordacia praecox) is part of a group of primitive jawless fish.

It’s up to 15 cm long, with rows of sharp teeth. Surprisingly, it doesn’t use these teeth to suck blood like most lamprey species – it’s non-parasitic. As larvae, the Australian brook lamprey lives buried in the bottom of streams for around three years, filter-feeding. Its adult phase is about one year long, in which it doesn’t feed at all!

Prior to this study – funded in part by the Australian Government through the National Environmental Science Program’s (NESP) Resilient Landscapes Hub – the species was widely believed to only live in a few streams along a 170 km stretch of coastline near the NSW/Victoria border.

The study began after another exciting discovery: Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo from the Australian Rivers Institute at Griffith University found the species living in streams on K’gari (Fraser Island).

To unravel the mystery of Queensland lampreys, Dr Carpenter-Bundhoo teamed up with David Moffatt from DESI, who had found isolated populations of lamprey in other Queensland streams.

Together, they confirmed reports of Australian brook lamprey in Queensland, including as far north as Rockhampton! With this enormous extension of its geographic range, Australian brook lamprey becomes the only lamprey species in the world to live in truly tropical waters.

“It’s quite exciting to find an Endangered species so far out of its known range, yet so close to populated areas. We expect these animals naturally occur in Queensland, and have been here for an awfully long time, but have remained hidden due to their cryptic nature,” said Mr Moffatt.

The Australian brook lamprey is thought to be extinct where it was first described, in southern NSW. Its existence is thought to be threatened by sedimentation, wildfires, and human developments.

Perhaps the biggest threat to their conservation is that they’re very difficult to identify – this species truly faces a case of mistaken identity. For most of their life, the non-parasitic Australian brook lamprey is indistinguishable from its more common blood-sucking southern relative, the short-headed lamprey (Mordacia mordax), which has a conservation status of ‘Least Concern’. Add to this the fact that, globally, only a few people can tell them apart.

In their new Endangered Species Research article, Dr Carpenter-Bundhoo and Mr Moffatt outline the difficulties of implementing a conservation strategy for this fish and propose some solutions.

The species’ conservation is especially important, given projected sea levels rises mean that many of the lowland freshwater coastal streams where Australian brook lamprey live are likely to become saltwater. With these new findings, scientists will be better equipped to conserve this unusual and Endangered species.

The surveys were partially funded by a NESP project which aims to restore ecosystem health in the Moonaboola (Mary River) catchment area of south-east Queensland and protect threatened species like the Australian lungfish, the Mary River cod and the giant barred frog.

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  • The National Environmental Science Program's Resilient Landscapes Hub
    Web page
    This is a link to the broader research in south-east Queensland.

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  • The mouth of a juvenile Australian brook lamprey. Image: David Moffatt.
    The mouth of a juvenile Australian brook lamprey. Image: David Moffatt.

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  • A close-up of the head of an adult male Australian brook lamprey. Image: David M
    A close-up of the head of an adult male Australian brook lamprey. Image: David M

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  • David Moffatt and Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo with a tank of lamprey.
    David Moffatt and Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo with a tank of lamprey.

    David Moffatt and Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo with a small tank of Australian brook lamprey. Image: Troy Harris.

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  • David Moffatt and Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo take measurements of lamprey.
    David Moffatt and Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo take measurements of lamprey.

    David Moffatt and Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo take measurements of Australian brook lamprey. Image: Troy Harris.

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  • Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo and Josh Whiley sampling a coastal creek on K'gari.
    Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo and Josh Whiley sampling a coastal creek on K'gari.

    Dr Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo and Josh Whiley sampling a coastal creek on K'gari (Fraser Island). Image: Sunny Yu

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